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DiphtheriaDiphtheria - General InformationDiphtheria is a well known medical condition that affects the patient’s upper respiratory tract. Because of this illness, the patient will probably experience several unpleasant symptoms that include low fever, sore throat, and so on. Milder forms of this medical condition only affect the patient’s skin. It is known that this medical condition is caused by an anaerobic bacterium (a Gram-positive one), that is called Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacterium, the one that is responsible for the development of Diphtheria, is found in the nose, throat and mouth of any infected patient. Patients who suffer from this medical condition can easily spread it to others, through sneezing or cough. This medical condition is quite severe, as it has high mortality rates. Unfortunately, one of 15 patients who suffer from this medical condition does not survive. What makes this medical disorder so severe is one of the toxins that are produced by the bacterium. This poison is highly toxic, and it easily affects tissues and organs from the patient’s organism, leading to other severe complications. If it is left untreated or if the therapy is inadequate this medical condition can trigger heart failure, paralysis and death. What makes this medical disorder so dreadful is the fact that it is highly contagious. Even if this disorder used to be quite common among patients from all over the world, in the case of well-developed countries, this medical condition has been eradicated through mass vaccination. The Diphtheria–Pertussis–Tetanus (DPT) Vaccine is administered to all school children. Furthermore, adults are sometimes administered vaccine-boosters, as the effects of the immunization tend to wear off in time, through repeated exposure to the bacterium.Diphtheria – SymptomsLike most other medical conditions, Diphtheria also triggers some unpleasant and sometimes severe signs and symptoms, which help identify the disease. The first symptom that a patient who suffers from this medical condition complains of is sore throat and abnormal difficulties in swallowing. As the disease progresses (as the patient’s health state worsens), he or she can also experience other symptoms such as nausea, a low grade fever, headache, vomiting, and an abnormally fast heart rate. In this stage of the disease, an appropriate treatment is crucial. Each patient who develops any of the symptoms that have been listed in this chapter or who has came into direct contact with another patient who is known to suffer from this medical condition (Diphtheria) ought to immediately seek medical care. An emergency appointment ought to be set with his or her personal physician as they will have to undergo the necessary clinical tests that will settle whether they are suffering from this medical disorder or not.If this medical condition is not treated in due time, or if it not treated in a professional, appropriate manner, it can develop in several dangerous complications. They are known to include:
In this chapter, we have tried to provide you with the basic information regarding the potential symptoms that could be triggered by this medical condition. However, all patients must keep into consideration that this disorder can also trigger some other symptoms that have not been listed here. Ask your physician for further details. Diphtheria TreatmentAlthough this medical condition is a very severe one and requires immediate professional medical assistance, it can be easily prevented through a simple vaccine. The vaccine for Diphtheria is now part of the world-wide childhood immunization schedule (program). The vaccine is administered to the infant when he or she is 2, 4 and 6 months old. However, booster doses of this vaccine are also widely administered to children who are 5 years old and 12-13 years old. Making sure that your child is part of this immunization program is very important. No responsible parent is allowed to overlook this matter (for the child’s well being). Vaccination against this medical condition (Diphtheria) is very efficient, as 95% of all patients who have received the DPT vaccine did not experience this severe medical condition. All patients ought to be aware of the fact that even if they have been effectively immunized against this medical disorder, they could be carrying the bacterium that causes it in their organism (in their throat or nose). This means that there is a high risk of passing this medical disorder on to patients who have not received the necessary doses of this vaccine (especially young children). A patient who develops this medical condition ought to be granted immediate medical attention. He should undergo a strict medical treatment in order to increase his or her survival chances. Such patients might have to take in some antibiotics. The ones that are considered to be the most efficient are: Pocaine penicillin G (that ought to be administered to the patient as an intramuscular injection for at least 2 weeks), Erythromycin (patients can receive either the oral or the injection form of this medical product for at least 2 weeks). Patients who suffer from Diphtheria but who are allergic to the antibiotics that have been listed above ought to consider taking in Clindamycin and / or Rifampin. Patients who are suffering or might be suffering from Diphtheria must combine their antibiotic therapy with a prophylaxis with an antitoxin. It is very important to keep such patents under strict medical supervision, but in an isolated chamber, in order to prevent them from spreading the disease to healthy individuals. If needed, airway maintenance and respiratory support can be provided (to the most severe cases of this medical condition). The Diphtheria antitoxin is highly efficient in the treatment of patients who are suffering from this medical condition. Although this antitoxin cannot neutralize the bacterium that has already fixed itself to the patient’s tissues, it is able to prevent the disease from progressing (worsening). Before a patient can be administered this antitoxin, he or she ought to undergo several sensitivity medical exams, in order to see whether they are allergic to this medication. |
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