EndocarditisEndocarditis – General InformationEndocarditis is an inflammation of the middle inner layer of the heart, also known as endocardium. There are other parts of the heart that are commonly involved; they are known to include the heart valves. Endocarditis is usually caused by a bacteria or another germ from any part of the patient’s body, but especially his or her as mouth. These organisms enter the patient’s blood stream, and travel to the heart, where they affect some parts of the heart. It is essential to treat the disease in an early stage, because it can affect and even destroy the heart valves (a consequence that makes this medical condition to be considered a life threatening disease). The infection only appears in the case of individuals with other heart conditions, usually an affected valve, an artificial valve or any other heart medical disorders. The main cause of the disease is the bacteria that travel through the blood stream. However, there are cases in which the disease is triggered by a fungus or by another microorganism. The Endocarditis can be easily developed from bacteria that live in the patient’s mouth, upper respiratory tract or any other parts of his body. But there are cases in which the bacteria can enter the blood stream through many other activities. Brushing the teeth or eating certain foods can be considered an entry of the bacteria, but only if the teeth and gums are in poor condition (poor hygiene). Because the main entry for the bacteria is the mouth, there are many other procedures that can favor the appearance of the infection. They include certain dental or respiratory procedures, catheter or needles, intravenously treatment and other medical conditions.Endocarditis – SymptomsIn most of the cases, the Endocarditis disease appears when the patient suffers from a damaged valve, because it becomes a rough surface where the bacteria can attach and multiply. Endocarditis is a type of heart disease that can develop slowly or, in some cases, suddenly. The speed of the development of this medical condition depends on the exact cause of the infection and on the general health condition of the patient (whether he or she suffers from other major heart conditions). The main signs and symptoms of the Endocarditis disease can appear as fever, chills, a new or changed heart murmur, fatigue, aching joints and muscles, night sweats, shortness of breath, paleness, persistent cough, swelling in the feet, legs or abdomen, unexplained weight loss, blood in your urine or tenderness in the spleen area, which is an abdominal organ that fight infections and is located in the left side, in the low area of the rib cage. There are also cases in which the disease can lead to the appearance of red, tender areas in the inner layer of the skin or on the fingers, known as Osler’s nodes. In other cases, the infection can also cause purple or red spots on other areas of the skin, also known as petechiae. These spots can also appear in the whites of the patient’s eyes or in the mouth. If the patient experiences any sign and symptom that we have listed above, he or she should seek medical support as soon as possible. If the disease is left untreated, it can lead to severe heart complication, including heart failure.Endocarditis – TreatmentEndocarditis is very easy to diagnose, because in order to find out whether the patient has this condition, the doctor will want to know the medical history of the patient, and the present signs and symptoms. Generally, the diagnosis is made after the doctor uses a stethoscope to listen the patient’s heart. If the doctor notices an unusual heart murmur or any change in the normal heart beat, he can diagnose the patient with Endocarditis. This kind of disease, in an early stage, develops signs and symptoms which can be similar to other conditions and that is why the doctor has to apply several procedures to determine the exact disease. These procedures can include blood tests, which is the most important diagnosing method and it is used to identify the bacteria inside the bloodstream. Blood tests can also help to determine other conditions that can lead to the appearance of the disease, and an include anemia, shortage of healthy red blood cells. The second most important procedure in diagnosing the disease is the transesophageal echocardiogram. This kind of operation consists in sound waves that help to get images of the patient’s heart. The transesophageal echocardiogram procedure also allows the doctor to take a closer look to the heart valves, because these valves are often damaged in the Endocarditis disease. The procedure is also applied to see if there are any vegetations or infected heart tissues. The sound waves are passed through the patient’s mouth into the esophagus by an ultrasound device. The main treatment for Endocarditis is the usage of antibiotics, which can be administered in low or high doses, all intravenously. By undergoing the recommended blood tests, the doctor can identify the exact microorganism that has affected the patient’s heart. Due to this fact, the physician can determine the correct type of antibiotic that the patient ought to be administered, but also the amount of antibiotics or combinations of such medicines that will be employed. The medicines can be taken for more than seven weeks to reach the full recovery of the heart. Usually, the treatment is made inside a hospital and requires everyday monitoring. If the disease has improved, if the signs and symptoms, including fever, have disappeared, the patient can continue the treatment at home, but he must contact the doctor for future heart tests to see if the treatment is working. There are cases in which the patients noticed they suffer from a heart condition only in the advanced stage of the disease. The disease can provoke symptoms such as fever, chills, headaches, joint pain and shortness of the breath. The antibiotics that are employed in the therapy for this medical condition can also trigger side effects which can include diarrhea, rash, itching and joint pain. If the disease is left untreated, it can become more severe and can cause heart failure, with some common symptoms such as shortness of breath and swellings in the legs, ankles or feet. If the Endocarditis disease has affected the heart valves, the patient can experience complications after the treatment. If the affected valve can not be treated, the doctor can apply the surgical approach, which consists in replacing the damaged valve. |
|
![]() |
|
|
|
|
|