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AmebiasisAmebiasis – General InformationAmebiasis is considered to be a parasitic infection provoked by Entamoeba histolytica. The disease is generally caused by the ingestion of water or food that had been contaminated with amebic cysts. This type of disorder is an intestinal infection that can be symptomatic or non - symptomatic. When the disease triggers some symptoms it is the invasive type of the disorder. Most infected patients, more than 90%, experience the asymptomatic type of the disease. Infections can, in some cases, last for more than a year and the signs and symptoms may last from a few days to a few weeks, but they sometimes even last from two to four weeks. The signs and symptoms can differ from mild diarrhea to dysentery with blood and mucus. When blood is present in the patient’s stools, it means that amoeba is invading the patient’s lining of the intestine. In some cases of Amebiasis (in the invasive cases), the amoeba enters the bloodstream and can get to other organs in the body, in most cases the patient’s liver. The onset time is usually different and the common asymptomatic infection lasts for over a year. It is known that the absence of symptoms or their manifestations can differ, as they depend on several factors that include: the strain of amoeba that causes the infection, the patient’s immune response, associations with other types of bacteria and viruses. The illness (Amebiasis) is encountered in most parts of the world, such as Africa, Latin America, India, and Southeast Asia.Amebiasis – SymptomsMost of the patients who suffer of Amebiasis have almost no signs and symptoms. When the patient does become ill, he or she will probably suffer from signs such as abdominal pain that starts progressively, in combination with frequent loose and watery bowel movements, cramps, nausea, and a loss of appetite. In some cases the patients can experience signs such as fever and, rarely, bloody stools. The patient’s symptoms of Amebiasis can start within days to weeks since he or she has ingested food or has drank water that had been contaminated by the specific parasite. For other patients, signs and symptoms of this type of condition either take months to appear or never occur at all. In the chronic cases of the disease, ulcers can develop inside the intestinal wall where the amoeba have the access to the bloodstream and can easily travel all the way to the liver to form abscesses. The transmission of the condition usually happens through the ingestion of cysts existing in food or drinking water contaminated by feces. All family members should have their stools studied because patient to patient transmission can appear. To prevent the disease from developing, there are some safety precautions that are recommended by doctors; they generally include drinking only water that has been bottled in sanitary conditions or boiled (you should know that water-purifying tablets are ineffective against amebic cysts), eating only prepared or peeled vegetables and fruits, protecting food from fly contamination and washing hands after defecation and before preparing or eating food. The patient needs to seek medical attention when he or she experiences any of the symptoms above.Amebiasis – TreatmentInfections caused by E. histoltyca appear in both the intestine, and, in the case of patients who experience the disorder’s symptoms, in the tissue of the intestine or liver. Due to this fact there are two different types of drugs that are usually recommended in the treatment of the infection, one for each contaminated body area. The most popular drug that is often prescribed by most doctors is Metronidazole; however, your personal health care provider can also recommend you other drugs such as Tinidazole, Secnidazole or Ornidazole, which are used to cure the Amebiasis disease and the parasite that have invaded the tissue. These medicines are administered intravenously and are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and are immediately transported to the infection area. Because these drugs are fully absorbed, in most cases, there isn’t any remaining drug inside the patient’s intestine. Most of the parasites remain inside the intestine, triggering a tissue invasion, but it is very important to try to eliminate them all or the patient will be exposed at a high risk of developing other types of invasive disorders. Many medicines are available for curing intestinal infections (including Amebiasis) and the most effective one is considered to be Paromomycin also known as Humatin. There are several other drugs that are prescribed also in other countries and include Diloxanide Furoate also known as Furamide, which is used in the US and Iodoquinol also known as Yodoxin, which is used in more European countries. To treat infections, both the tissue and the lumenal drugs must be used, and to be fully effective, they ought to be used in combination with Metronidazole, which is generally taken in first, then followed by Paromomycin and Diloxanide. Regular Amebiasis does not need treatment, but many studies in all over the world, do not have the facilities to distinguish this disorder from other types of intestinal diseases. These medicines don’t have to be taken in in large quantities because they could trigger a series of side effects; To avoid this, most doctors prescribe a treatment schedule, such as Metronidazole in 500-750mg quantity, three times a day for 5 to 10 days, and Tinidazole in 2g quantity, once a day for 3 days, as a replacement for Metronidazole. But, there are also other programs for different types of the disease, and other medicines, including luminal amebicides, prescribed concurrently and sequentially, used to destroy the parasite. They consist in Paromomycin in 500mg quantity, three times in a day for 10 days, Diloxanide Furoate in 500mg quantity three times a day for 10 days and Iodoquinol in 650mg quantity three times a day for 20 days. For Amebiasis that has been characterized as liver abscess there are also some prescribed effective programs such as Metronidazole in 400mg quantity, three times a day for 10 days, Tinidazole in 2g quantity, once a day for 6 days as replacement for Metronidazole and Diloxanide furoate in 500mg quantity, three times a day for 10 days, but all these medicines must be given afterwards. In the case of children who are suffering from Amebiasis, your personal physician will have to calculate the proper amount of medicines and he or she will have to prescribe your child a special treatment schedule. |
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