Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias – General Information

Arrhythmias is a health problem which consists of the appearance of certain abnormalities in the regular heart rhythm. It appears when the coordination of the heart impulses does not function in the right way; if this happens, your heart will beat slower, faster or in an irregular rhythm. The heart is composed by four chambers, two ventricles and two atria. When the sinus node sends an electrical impulse, the heart starts to beat; this action will then extend to all the surface of the heart, but it will follow a proper and unique way. If any unexpected situation appears, Arrhythmias can be avoided and any other tissue of the heart can create a heartbeat. However, the typical situations in which this disease is expected to develop are:

When appears an interruption of the regular conduction pathway
When there are noticed several abnormalities of the regular rhythm or rate of the tissue that provides impulses.
When a certain part of the heart starts to produce impulses, although the sinus node is not affected or unable to continue its activity.

Apart from the situation presented above, Arrhythmias can be caused by other deficiencies, such as diabetes, high pressure of the blood, heart diseases, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and stress or drug abuse. Sometimes, this disease can be the result of a preceding heart attack. The good part is the fact that this disease is unlikely to affect a healthy person and it is usually provoked by an outside factor, most frequently the abuse of some substances.

Arrhythmias – Symptoms

Arrhythmias does not necessary cause any symptoms or particular signs; actually, you may even find out about this disease when your doctor performs a routine examination. In some cases, though, the sufferer can develop some symptoms, such as:

Chest pain
Increased heartbeat
Decreased heartbeat
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Fainting

But these are not serious symptoms and then can often appear without indicating the appearance of the disease. Actually, in some cases, patients with a light form of this disease can present some serious symptoms, while those who develop a life-threatening form of the disease do not experience any kind of signs. From another point of view, the possible patient should also take into account a series of factors which can increase the possibility of developing Arrhythmias. The most important of these are:

Genetics: if you have suffered from a heart problem at birth, you are more likely to develop this disease
Age: the heart of old people tends to lose its suppleness and the muscles become weaker. This can increase the possibility of suffering from this disorder
Thyroid problems: the release of a large number of hormones, due to the thyroid problems, can lead to irregular heartbeats
Coronary disease or, more commonly, a previous surgery: heart attack, narrowed arteries, heart surgeries, abnormal valves or any other kind of problem associated to this organ can become risk factors.
Drugs and supplements: if certain drugs are not administrated correctly they can cause serious heart problems
High level of the blood pressure

Arrhythmias – Treatment

Arrhythmias usually gives the sufferer an impression of premature beats, increased or decreased ones; the patient may feel that his heart is beating too slowly or, in contrast, too fast. In addition to these, if you experience any of the symptoms associated with this disease, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. You may not necessarily suffer from Arrhythmias, but you may develop ventricular fibrillation, a disorder which causes immediate collapse. In such a case, you should react quickly, as in a few minutes you will not be able to move or to breathe anymore. If possible, you must announce somebody nearby and, in addition, call to the nearest medical centre. In addition, if you usually experience any of these symptoms, you should also assure that you have permanently on you a portable defibrillator. After you consult a doctor in order to find out if you suffer or not from Arrhythmias, you will be advised to take a number of tests. These usually consist of passive monitoring of your heart for a few minutes. In this category are included the following tests:

Electrocardiogram: during this test, some electrodes will observe the electrical evolution of your heart; more precisely, they will give information about the duration and timing of every electrical stage of your heartbeat
Holter monitor: this is a portable electrocardiogram; it must be used for a longer period, about 2 or 3 days.
Echocardiogram: this consists of attaching a transducer to your chest; it will create images of the structure, size and motion of the patient’s heart
Event monitor: this is also a portable device and it must be worn anytime you experience one of the symptoms described above.
Stress test: these kind of tests are usually applied to people who exercise a lot
Tilt table test
Electrophysiological mapping and testing: consists of introducing some electrodes in the patient’s blood vessels in order to acquire information about the exact location and the evolution of Arrhythmias.

If, after you have taken one or more of these tests, your doctor diagnoses you with this disease you may not need any treatment at all. In addition, if the symptoms appear as a result of some kind of abuse (drugs, alcohol, and supplements) the doctor can not give you any treatment, but he may implant you a pacemaker. Other available treatments are the following:

Vagal maneuvers: include holding your breath, dousing your face in cold water, straining, coughing.
Medications
Cardio version: consists of electrical shocks given in order to regulate the heart rhythm
Cardiac ablation
In order to treat Arrhythmias, your doctor can even recommend you one of the following surgeries:
Ventricular surgery: consists of removing the aneurysm which caused the disease
Maze procedure
Coronary surgery

After you are administrated one of these treatments, you must carefully follow the doctor’s indications. He may ask you to control your alimentary habits, to give up smoking and to reduce the level of stress you deal with everyday.

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Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias – General Information

Arrhythmias – Symptoms

Arrhythmias – Treatment

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