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AscitesAscites – General InformationIn the interior, the abdomen is protected by a membrane composed of two layers and which is named the peritoneum. One of its parts covers the abdominal cavity and the other marks the abdominal surface. This membrane has the role of producing a substance which behaves like a lubricant and allows the organs located in the abdominal cavity to move in a safe way over one another. Ascites appears when this lubricant is produced in high quantities and it causes problems between the two layers. Furthermore, this disorder can be a sign that the person suffers from a type of cancer, especially breast, stomach, lung, ovary or pancreas cancer. Ascites may appear because of: Considering all these situations, doctors agree on the fact that the excessive liquid which appears in the case of Ascites comes from the vascular compartment. In addition, two main factors are considered to be responsible for the appearance of this disease: a higher level of sodium and water in the body and a high sinusoidal pressure. Ascites – SymptomsAscites is characterized by a large number of symptoms, usually quite severe and extremely painful. The abdominal area becomes distended and excessively swollen, a change which leads to pain and discomfort. There can even appear difficulties when walking or sitting in a certain position or on foot. Another signs and symptoms which can appear are:
Ascites – TreatmentAfter you consult a doctor and he diagnoses you with Ascites, the first steps which will be performed are: the reduction of the quantity of fluid produced and the introduction of a tube in the abdominal cavity in order to drain the liquid in excess. Although it may seem quite difficult, the second action, also called paracentesis, can be safely performed in any medical centre by a specialized doctor. More exactly, it consists of introducing a drainage tube into the sufferer’s abdomen, after a preliminary scan was performed. This way, the doctor will know exactly where to put the tube, especially in more complicated situations when the liquid is not found in the same place, but spread in small quantities all over the cavity. The preparation for the intervention consists of cleaning the skin surface where the tube will be introduced with an antiseptic substance, which assures that no infection will appear. After that, the sufferer will be administrated an injection in order to anaesthetize that specific area and to prevent the appearance of any pain. In the next stage, the doctor will perform a small incision in the anaesthetized area and he will insert a cannula, which is a small tube. This tube will be connected to a bigger one and to a drainage bag and the process can then start.The period of time needed in order to drain all the quantity of liquid is different for each patient. However, the patient will not be kept in the hospital for more than a couple of days. The bad part is the fact that Ascites can reappear and, if this happens, this entire process must be performed again. Although the process of drainage is usually safe and no complications are expected to appear, if the fluid is drained too quickly, the blood pressure will drop suddenly. This is the reason why, when treating Ascites, a higher quantity of liquid can be drained after the tube is firstly inserted but after that, the process must be continued slowly and carefully. In addition, the patient must be continually supervised and monitored. The blood pressure and the body temperature must be measured temporary and, if the tube is considered to be infested, it must be replaced. After the drainage is completed, the tubes will be removed but there may still be a small quantity of liquid to drop until the leakage stops and the healing is complete. If the form of Ascites you suffer from is not that dangerous, you may not need to perform surgery; the other way of treating the disease is the administration of drugs, more specifically diuretics. The last measure which can be taken is the administration of a shunt, which is a silicone or a plastic tube which is applied in the peritoneal cavity and drains the liquid directly into a capacious stain. However, this is more complicated than the regular drainage. Considering all these, the most important thing for those who suffer from Ascites is to seek for medical treatment as soon as they notice any problems. |
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