CNS Infection

CNS Infection – General Information

CNS Infection is a disorder that affects the patient’s central nervous system. There are many causes that lead to this infection, such as bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan organisms. The viral infections can consist in meningitis, encephalitis, poliomyelitis, slow virus infections, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The bacterial infections consist in meningitis, brain abscess, subdural and epidural abscesses, tuberculosis, neurosyphilis, or leprosy. The fungal causes of the CNS Infection lead to some specific diseases such as meningoencephalitis, brain abscess, or spinal epidural infection. The protozoal infections causing this disease consist in toxoplasmosis, malaria and amoebic infection. Toxoplasmosis is considered to be a parasitic infection which usually provokes symptoms similar to flu. The disease is caused by an organism called Toxoplasma gondii, which is the most common parasite in the world. meningitis is considered to be an inflammation of the membranes which cover the brain and the spinal cord, called meninges. There are cases in which the meningitis is caused by an inflammation of the cerebrospinal fluid which surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Encephalitis is considered to be an inflammation of the brain, and a life threatening disorder. It is very rare and, in most of the cases, asymptomatic. The disease appears in primary and secondary forms. The primary form consists in the infection of the brain and spinal cord, and the secondary form consists in an infection occurring elsewhere in the body, before getting to the brain. It is very important to see a doctor in an early stage of the CNS Infection.

CNS Infection – Symptoms

The symptoms of the CNS Infection depend on the cause of the disease such as bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoal. For the bacterial form of the disease, the main signs and symptoms of the meningitis that patients usually experience are: high fever, severe headache, vomiting or nausea with headache, confusion, or difficulty when concentrating. In a very early stage of the disease, it might trigger the inability to maintain eye contact, seizures, sleepiness or difficulty when waking up, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, lack of interest in drinking and eating and skin rash. For the viral form of this disorder, the main signs and symptoms of encephalitis consist in drowsiness, confusion and disorientation, seizures, sudden fever, severe headache, nausea and vomiting, stiff neck, bulging in the soft spots, called fontanels of the skull in young patients. For the protozoal form of the disease, the patient usually experiences signs and symptoms such as body aches, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, fatigue, and in some cases a sore throat. There are cases in which CNS Infection can cause typical signs and symptoms which are similar to the tuberculosis symptoms and consist in cough (which can last for three to several weeks, leading to the appearance of discolored or bloody sputum), unintended weight loss, fatigue, slight fever, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite and pain when breathing or coughing. The patient should immediately see a doctor when he or she experiences one of these symptoms.

CNS Infection – Treatment

The treatment for the CNS Infection depends on the cause of the disease, which can include bacterial infections, viral infections, fungal infections and protozoal infections. One of the most common CNS Infections that are caused by a viral factor is encephalitis. The treatment for this type of disease usually consists in a lot of rest and healthy diets, along with the consumption of plenty liquids so that the immune system of the body can eliminate the cause. To relieve the symptoms caused by the disease (such as fever or headaches), doctors can prescribe a treatment trial with acetaminophen, also known as Tylenol. There are cases in which the patient can take anti inflammatory medicines to reduce the pressure in the skull or the swelling. Anticonvulsants are taken when the patient suffers from seizures. Sometimes, the doctor can recommend the physical and speech therapy as another treatment option. The viral form of the disease is challenging to treat because it resists to almost all treatment options. But when the disease is caused by the herpes simplex virus or by the varicella zoster virus, the main treatment is the antiviral drug called acyclovir (prescribed as Zovirax). There are cases in which the doctor can prescribe the Cytovene drug as main treatment for the disease.

Among the bacterial forms of the CNS Infection, the most encountered disease is meningitis. The main treatment for this type of disease is the use of antibiotics, administered intravenously. They help the patient recover and reduce their risk of developing severe complications. The treatment for meningitis depends on the type of the bacteria which has caused it. In most cases, in order to know for sure what antibiotics or what combination of antibiotics the patient has to take in, the doctor analyzes a sample of fluid from the cerebrospinal area. If the disease affects the young patients, the doctor usually prescribes a broad spectrum antibiotic. These treatments are applied to relieve symptoms such as brain swelling, shock, convulsions or dehydration. If the fluid has accumulated in the area between the brain and the membranes that covers it, the main treatment option is the surgical approach. For the fungal form of CNS Infection, the most encountered disease is meningoencephalitis. The treatment options for this kind of disease consist in phosphrenyl, which is considered a therapeutic agent, but also a prophylactic one. Another way of treating meningoencephalitis is the treatment trial with Interferon. There are cases in which the doctor can prescribe antibiotics for possible tickborne infections. The most applied measure for the disease is the phytotherapy, which proves to be effective in almost all the cases. For the protozoal form of the CNS Infection the most encountered disease is toxoplasmosis. The main treatment options are the pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine medicines. The pyrimethamine drug, prescribed as Daraprim, is an antimalarial drug, which is given to prevent the body from absorbing the important vitamin B folate. Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic which is taken in, in combination with pyrimethamine.

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CNS Infection

CNS Infection – General Information

CNS Infection – Symptoms

CNS Infection – Treatment