CoughCough – General InformationCough, or how many patients like to call it, tussis, is considered a repetitive, in most of the cases sudden, elimination of the irritating substances, and consist in the spasmodic contraction of the thoracic cavity which causes a release, often violent, of air outside the lungs. This process is generally accompanied by a typical sound. When the patient’s body senses something irritating in the airways, it tends to eliminate it through the coughing process. The substances which trigger the Cough can be an accumulated amount of phlegm inside the trachea or a bolus of food, which entered the patient’s trachea, because of the epiglottis failure. Patients who experience coughing on a regular basis may say that they are suffering from this medical condition. However, all patients must take into consideration the fact that the chronic form of this medical disorder generally indicates the presence of another medical condition. This is why an appointment to a physician must be made as soon as possible. In most of the cases, Cough is caused by another breathing disorder also known as asthma, but it can also be provoked by other medical issues that include: heartburn, chronic bronchitis or post nasal drip. There are many causes that trigger this disorder (even certain medicines can provoke it; take ACE inhibitors for example). The disease can also lead to complications which are classified as acute and chronic form of the disorder. The acute form of this medical condition can cause fainting (because of the low level of blood that is supplied to the brain), insomnia, vomiting, hemorrhages, or prolapsed uterus. The chronic complications are more encountered and consist in abdominal hernias, fatigue, costochondritis or fractures of the ribs.Cough – SymptomsThere are many ways in which the patient can develop Cough. We recommend all patients who want to prevent suffering from this medical condition to take into consideration several risk factors; they mainly include smoking (which is the main cause that can triggers the disease, and can lead to other severe complications such as emphysema - an irreversible affection in which the patient’s lungs are damaged). If the patient is also exposed to secondhand smoke, he can also experience the disease and suffer from lung damage. Another risk factor involves the patient’s sex: female patients are considered to be more sensitive and develop this condition easier than men. It is known that female patients are also more prone to experiencing the chronic complications. Allergens are also an important cause of Cough, and can include pollen, pet dander, dust, chemical fumes or other cleaning products, which can lead to the appearance of the disease even in the case of healthy patients with no other breathing disorders. The last important risk factor is the environmental pollutants which can consist in ozone and nitrogen dioxide, or vehicle exhausts fumes. They can cause the chronic form of the disease in all patients. The main signs and symptoms of the Cough disease can include a stuffy or runny nose, a sensation of liquid running down the back of the patient’s throat, wheezing or shortness of breath, heartburn and a sour taste in the mouth, and in some cases, coughing up blood. If the coughing process last for more than seven to eight weeks, or the condition persists and disrupts the patient’s life, he must see a doctor.Cough – TreatmentThe treatment used in the case of patients suffering from Cough is very simple to apply when the doctor knows the exact cause of the disease. However, when the cause is unknown, the proper treatment can be challenging. Each treatment depends on the cause that has triggered the disease. A doctor can prescribe antihistamines and decongestants, inhaled corticosteroids, lifestyle changes, drugs to treat the acid reflux, smoking cessation or many other medical trials. Antihistamines and decongestants are considered the typical treatment option for allergies and postnasal drip, which in most of the cases, are generally administrated in combination. The newest group of antihistamines can provoke side effects such as a drowsy feeling. For the allergies or postnasal drip, treatment options can include nasal corticosteroids or nasal antihistamines. Inhaled corticosteroids are considered anti inflammatory medicines, and the most efficient treatment option for asthma, or, in some cases, Cough that has been triggered by asthma. The effect of the inhaled corticosteroids is to reduce the inflammation in the patient’s air-ways. There are cases in which the patient can also require a short trial of corticosteroids administration. The inhaled type of corticosteroids decreases the risk of developing the side effects that are much more common in the case of the oral type of corticosteroids. However, a prolonged treatment with this inhaled type of this medicine can increase the risk of developing other conditions such as skin thinning, bruising, osteoporosis or even cataracts. Cough can be caused by acid reflux. This medical condition can usually be cured with some minor lifestyle changes. These can include keeping a healthy weight, reducing the meals, avoiding heartburn causes such as excessive alcohol, chocolate, mint and fried products. Patients are recommended to wait at least three hours after eating meal before lying down. This treatment option is rarely applied because it needs time to become effective and to completely cure the disorder. There are cases in which these lifestyle changes do not treat the acid reflux. In such cases the doctor can prescribe a proton pump inhibitors treatment, which have the effect of blocking the acid production and allowing esophageal tissue the necessary time to cure. Such proton pump inhibitors can be available as esomeprazole prescribed Nexium, lansoprazole as Prevacid, omeprazole as Prilosec, pantoprazole as Protonix or rabeprazole prescribed as Aciphex. If Cough is caused by the intake of angiotensin enzyme inhibitors, the doctor can prescribe another form of treatment which can provide symptom relief. The most efficient way to cure the disease is to stop smoking. In these cases, patients can be advised by the doctors to follow a comprehensive smoking cessation trial. When the cause of the disease is unknown the doctor can prescribe bronchodilator drugs. |
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