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Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s Disease – General InformationCrohn's Disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that is known to affect the lining of the patient’s digestive tract. This medical issue can easily lead to other conditions such as severe diarrhea or abdominal pain. There are cases in which the inflammation can start to affect the inner layers of the damaged tissue. This kind of disease can be confused with ulcerative colitis due to the fact that both disorders can cause pain, and life threatening complications. Scientists have not discovered yet an effective way to cure the disease, but there are many effective treatment options for this medical disorder. They include drug therapies and surgery, leading to a long term remission and to the relief of signs and symptoms. By applying the adequate treatment option, patients suffering from Crohn’s Disease can have a normal life. This kind of disease can be caused by a bacteria or a microorganism (like the Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis). The patient’s immune system acts against this bacteria, thus causing the inflammation of the digestive tract. This bacterium is thought to trigger the disease, because it appears in the elevated blood or tissue of the intestine. This type of inflammatory disease affects both male patients and female patients. There are many risk factors which have to be taken into consideration. They generally include age, because the most affected patients have twenty to thirty years, ethnicity, because the whites are the most affected group, the place where the patient lives, because this medical condition is likely to develop in the industrialized areas and, of course, smoking, because the cough can worsen the status of the disease.Crohn’s Disease – SymptomsCrohn’s Disease is considered to be a life long condition. This disease’s signs and symptoms can be both mild and severe. They can appear suddenly or gradually and can include diarrhea, abdominal pain or cramping, blood in the stool, ulcers, loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, fistulas and abscesses. Because the disease affects the cells in the damaged area, they tend to produce a large amount of water and salt. The patient’s colon can not absorb the entire excess of fluid, the main factor that triggers the appearance of diarrhea. The inflammation caused by the disease can scar the tissue and trigger severe pain. The disorder also affects the movement of the intestinal tract and makes it interfere with the digestive tract, causing pain and cramping. In the severe stages of the Crohn’s Disease the bleeding is ongoing. The disease can also cause severe ulcers on the surface of the small intestine or can even penetrate its walls. The loss of appetite and the loss of weight are caused by the pain in the inflamed tissue, or can be triggered by the reduced ability to digest the food. The disease can also affect other surrounding organs such as the vagina or the bladder, causing abscesses, a swollen sore, or fistulas (an abnormal connection of the intestine with other organs). The disease can cause other complications which can include arthritis, eye inflammation, skin diseases or liver dysfunctions.Crohn’s Disease – TreatmentIn the case of patients suffering from Crohn’s Disease, the treatment aims to reduce the inflammation or other existing signs and symptoms. The variety of treatment options can provide the remission of the disease, and, in most of the cases, symptom relief. The major part of the treatment is the drug therapy, but there are cases in which the patient may require surgical approach. It is very challenging for the doctor to find the proper type of the treatment that the patient needs, as he can choose from several categories of medicines. A patient with this medical condition can start a therapy with anti inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, antibiotics and other medications. The patient has to know about the risks of following a drug therapy, because some of them can cause severe side effects. The anti inflammatory drugs are used in the first stages of the disease and can be prescribed as Sulfasazine or Azulfidine, Mesalamine or Asacol and corticosteroids. Sulfasazine has been used by doctors for many years in the treatment of Crohn’s Disease. It has proved to be very effective in relieving the existing symptoms of the disorder, but has shown to cause several side effects which can include nausea, vomiting, heartburn and headache. If the patient is allergic to sulfa medications, the doctor should not prescribe it a viable treatment. The Mesalamine drug causes fewer side effects, and can be administered orally, as a tablet or rectally, as a suppository (this depends on the part of the colon that has been affected). Corticosteroids have a greater effect in reducing the inflammation in any area of the body, but this drug can cause severe side effects such as puffy face, excessive facial hair, night sweats, insomnia or hyperactivity, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, bone fractures or cataracts. If the drug is used on the long term, it can stop the growth of the young patients. The immune system suppressors help reduce the inflammation. They act on the patient’s immune system by suppressing it and thus, reducing the inflammation. The most used immune system suppressors are the well known Azathioprine and Infliximab. Azathioprine is the main drug used by doctors to treat Crohn’s Disease. The trial with this medication can last up to three months to be effective. If it is used in combination with other medications it can cause almost no side effect. Infliximab is a type of medicine which is applied on patients suffering from a severe stage of the Crohn’s Disease, who resist to the other treatment options. It acts by neutralizing the protein secreted by the immune system, called tumor necrosis factor, which is the cause of the inflammation. By neutralizing the tumor, it prevents the appearing of the inflammation. Metronidazole is the most common antibiotic used to treat the Crohn’s Disease and acts on the fistulas and abscesses caused by the disease. The antibiotic is not considered an adequate treatment option because it can cause many side effects which can include numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, muscle pain and weakness. Another way to treat Crohn’s Disease is surgery, the removal of the affected part of the colon. |
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