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Ewing’s SarcomaEwing’s Sarcoma – General InformationEwing's Sarcoma is a form of cancer that affects the bone’s sarcoma. Patients who suffer from this type of medical condition will present small round blue cell tumors (generally abbreviated as SRBCT) near the bone’s sarcoma. For decades, scientists and physicians have tried to clearly distinguish this particular bone cancer from another type of medical condition called primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor (abbreviated as PNET) . Intense studies have shown that both cancers have a one-of-a-kind chromosomal translocation. With the help of the latest biological / molecular analysis equipment, a hypothesis has gained lots of supporters: it is though that PNET and Ewing's Sarcoma belong to the same cancer type, but present distinct morphological expressions. This medical condition is caused by an abnormal translocation between 2 pairs of the natural DNA chromosomes (22 and 11), which fuse together, thus triggering the appearance of cancer cells. Therefore, while this medical condition affects the patient’s bone, the PNET alters the organism’s soft tissues. This medical condition generally affects young adults (teenagers) and children. Studies have shown that patients who are older than 10 but younger than 20 are more prone to developing this type of bone cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that adults over 20 and children under 5 have a much lower risk of suffering from this medical issue. This type of cancer can affect any bone found in the patient’s organism. However, most patients who suffer from this medical disorder present cancerous cells in the thigh, pelvis, lower leg, rib and upper arm.Ewing’s Sarcoma – SymptomsEwing's Sarcoma affects the patient’s bone. However, in some rare medical cases, the disease may occur in the tissue that surrounds the bone (in its proximity). A teenager out of 50,000 develops this medical issue and 30% of all children who suffer from bone cancer in fact have this disorder. A cancer that is left untreated, or that is not noticed in due time, can spread to the patient’s soft tissues and muscles. If the cancer reaches metastasize, it can even affect the patient’s lungs and the bone marrow. Before adolescence, boys and girls are equally prone to develop this medical condition. However, among the young adults that develop Ewing’s Sarcoma, most of them are boys. Physicians have linked this phenomenon to the higher rate of growth that boys have during adolescence. In this chapter, we intend to make you acquainted with the most common signs and symptoms that this medical condition is known to trigger. However, we must let you know that this list is not complete, as each organism responds to the disease in a slightly different way. Therefore, some patients might develop these symptoms, some might experience others, and, in some cases, the disease does not trigger any unpleasant symptoms until its late stages. A child who suffers from Ewing’s Sarcoma will probably develop: pain that is generally located at or near the site of the cancer; redness and / or swelling; high fever; decreased appetite; abnormal weight loss; fatigue; tingling, numbness and other symptoms that are caused by the compression of one or more nerves; incontinence and / or paralysis (especially if the tumor is located in the patient’s spinal region).Ewing’s Sarcoma – TreatmentThe appropriate therapy for patients who are suffering from Ewing's Sarcoma is known to generally combine two or more therapy methods. The most viable treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation and / or surgery. The surgery’s main purpose is to remove the tumor and / or the cancerous cells. Patients who have undergone chemotherapy might have to undergo surgery in order to remove the rest of the cancerous cells. However, a surgical approach becomes a viable therapy option only if the removal of the cancer can be done without damaging the patient’s organs or vital tissues. Radiation therapy is another therapy method that has become quite popular especially since it is a painless procedure. When the patient undergoes this medical procedure, he or she will receive X-Ray beams of high-energy that are supposed to kill the cancer cells. However, all patients who want to undergo this medical produced ought to be aware of the fact that during their radiation therapy, some healthy cells are also destroyed. This issue does not represent a severe problem, as it is known that a healthy cell that has been destroyed can rapidly be replaced by another one. The main purpose of this form of therapy is to kill as many cancer cells as possible without causing severe damage to the healthy tissues that surround the tumor. In order to get the maximum beneficial effects from your therapy, you should discuss with your personal physician the possibility of combining your radiation therapy with surgery and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is a therapy option that is known to be quite effective (in most patients who suffer from Ewing’s Sarcoma), as it can kill most of the cancer cells. It consists of the intake of medical products that can be administered wither as a muscular or venous injection or taken in orally. This treatment method is also known as systemic therapy, as the medication enters the patient’s blood stream, goes through the organism and kills most cancer cells that it encounters. If the chemotherapy employs more than one type of medication, the prophylaxis is known as combination chemotherapy. Patients who suffer from Ewing’s Sarcoma, the best therapy option is surgery (the removal of the cancer) and then, at least 9 weeks of chemotherapy. Another popular form of prophylaxis is myeloablative therapy. This treatment is considered by most specialists an effective supplement to the other therapy options (we have already listed some of them in this chapter). The myeloablative therapy employs a brand new technique, as it involves stem cell support. It is a last resort for patients who suffer from a severe form of this medical condition (Ewing’s Sarcoma) that has proven to be highly resistant to other treatment trials. Patients who have a widely disseminated or a recurrent medical condition also seek the benefits of this prophylaxis. This therapy option consists in intense sessions of chemotherapy that are able to destroy even the cancer cells that multiply rapidly (with great ease). |
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