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HyperlipoproteinemiaHyperlipoproteinemia – General InformationHyperlipoproteinemia is a medical condition described as the excess of fats (lipids) in the blood. This is why, in shorter terms, medical professionals call this disorder hyperlipemia or hyperlipidemia, terms that mean the exact same thing. The main lipids found in excess are triglycerides and cholesterol that are carried by some lipoproteins, for example LDL cholesterol through the blood. The levels of these lipoproteins and therefore, lipids, increase with the age. Usually, these levels are slightly higher in males than in females, although women can also be affected by the increasing levels, but after menopause. The main factors that increase the risk of Hyperlipoproteinemia are: having a family history of this disorder (especially close relatives who had this medical condition), being physically inactive, being overweight, consuming excessive or even moderate amounts of alcohol or having a diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fats. The organism of some individuals is more sensitive to a diet than others are. For example, a person can consume important quantities of animal fat and his or her total cholesterol level does not go over 150 mg/dL, while another person can follow strictly a diet low in fats and her or his total cholesterol does not go under the value of 2500 mg/dL. This is usually caused by the genetic difference that exists between humans. If Hyperlipoproteinemia develops, the risk of atherosclerosis is getting higher. This medical condition must be immediately treated, usually with thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, or oral contraceptives that lower the levels of triglycerides.Hyperlipoproteinemia – SymptomsUsually, the high levels of lipids in blood do not cause any signs or symptoms. If the fat levels are higher than they should normally be, deposits form in the tendons or skin, leading to the appearance of some bumps, called xanthomas. The risk of developing pancreatitis and the enlargement of the spleen or liver are higher if the amounts of triglycerides are increased. If pancreatitis develops, the respective individual will complain of severe pain felt in the abdominal area that could seldom be really fatal. If the levels of cholesterol are over the normal limit, atherosclerosis can appear. The main signs and symptoms of this serious medical condition are: coronary artery disease (when it affects the arteries that supply the heart with blood), peripheral artery disease, if the arteries that supply the rest of the body are affected or cerebrovascular disease in the case that the arteries that supply the brain with blood are touched by the medical disorder. In conclusion, if the levels of cholesterol are significantly high, the persons suffering from Hyperlipoproteinemia are at a high risk of having a stroke or a heart attack (the risk doubles when these levels reach the value of 350 mg/dL). Hyperlipoproteinemia is a silent medical condition and it can only be detected after a first episode of stroke or any heart disease. The heart attack and stroke are not the only things that should worry a patient. There are very high risks of developing diabetes or any form of kidney disorders.Hyperlipoproteinemia – TreatmentAny treatment option used for treating Hyperlipoproteinemia depends mainly on the type of the disease. If the patient deals with the type I of this medical condition, then, with the proper treatment (if it is applied in time), the prognosis is very good. If there is no treatment applied at the right time, then the risk of death is significantly increased. In the case of type II the expectations are poor because even with the best treatment option that is given in time, the prognosis is worrying. For higher efficiency and faster curing, when a patient suffers from Hyperlipoproteinemia type III, the diet that the health care provider recommends must be followed with strictness; in this case, we can say that the prognosis is not poor at all. In the case of types IV and V the prognosis is often uncertain because the patients suffering from these types of Hyperlipoproteinemia present a high risk of developing other medical conditions – like pancreatitis and premature coronary artery disease. We strongly recommend you that as soon as you start experiencing the signs and symptoms listed above (those specific for this medical condition) or if you know that in your family history contains similar cases, you should immediately call your health care provider and establish a date for the medical consultation. The faster the diagnosis is given, the higher are your chances to a faster and good recovery. It is well known that this medical condition presents real difficulties in diagnosing. It would be easier if only a simple triglyceride and cholesterol laboratory test would be all it took to asses the risks of developing atherosclerosis. However, the real important information is the cholesterol package that is in the HDLs and LDLs. More elaborate exams are needed too achieve this information. And because nothing is that simple, we must precise that the exact quantity of fats that are in the blood vary a lot depending of the last meal, more precisely what kind of food was consumed and how long ago it was ingested. This is mainly why a person must fast at least twelve hours before a sample of blood is taken. So, in order to determine the exact diagnosis, the medical professional must measure the levels of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol found in the blood samples of the patients. If the amounts of lipids are very high, some special tests of the blood must be done in order to determine the exact underlying cause. There are other more specific medical conditions that can influence the lipid levels, for example hereditary disorders, such as the hereditary form of this disease. In order to equilibrate the levels of cholesterol, the persons suffering from Hyperlipoproteinemia will be first advised to consider changing their lifestyle and diet. You should not think that a simple pill will reduce or will reverse the effects of smoking, stress, obesity, inactivity, bad diet or excess of alcohol. The first drug that has proved to be very efficient in lowering the levels of cholesterol and improving the life expectancy is niacin. |
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