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HypocalcemiaHypocalcemia – General InformationMost individuals already familiar with this medical condition (Hypocalcemia) as numerous patients from all over the world are diagnosed (at least once during their life span) with abnormally low levels of calcium. A patient is said to present this type of syndrome when his or her blood concentration of free ions of calcium drops under the minimum level of 4.0 mg / dL, as the average blood calcium ion concentration in a healthy individual is known to vary between 4.0 and 6.0 mg / dL. All patients ought to be aware of the importance of this mineral (calcium) for the human organism, as without this substance, the individual will start to experience various types of medical disorders. Calcium is not only an essential component of the teeth and bones, as it is also extremely important for the needed nerve and muscle functions and for the appropriate blood clotting.In the human bones the ions of this mineral (that has two “+” charges) are found in a special form: the calcium forms a complex with another substance (phosphate). This complex (commonly called calcium phosphate) presents itself as crystals. However, when it comes to the levels of calcium from the blood, the mineral is found in combinations with other substances, as 53% of the total amount of calcium from the blood is found in a complexed form (the other 43% runs freely through the blood plasma). Scientists have shown that the abnormally low concentration of free calcium ions is what triggers Hypocalcemia, as only this form of this mineral influence the patient’s muscles and / or nerves. For this particular reason, when we undergo a blood test, the physician will take a look at our free calcium concentration rather than to that of complexed calcium. Hypocalcemia - SymptomsLike most other medical conditions, a lack of a sufficient amount of free ions of calcium in the organism leads to several signs and symptoms which can become quite unpleasant and disturbing. But all patients ought to know that the symptoms that their Hypocalcemia triggers are linked to the severity of the disorder and to the underlying cause of your medical condition. For example, in some cases, the lack of calcium is triggered by a condition called hypoparathyroidism, by abnormally low levels of magnesium in the individual’s plasma, by the insufficient amounts of vitamin D in the patient’s diet, and so on. A patient that has been diagnosed with Hypocalcemia might find out that his or her medical condition is in fact due to previous low levels of magnesium (another medical condition that is called hypomagnesia), another very important mineral (that is needed by a hormone that is produced by the parathyroid gland in order to maintain the proper levels of blood calcium). This is why some patients who find out that they are suffering from Hypocalcemia also present an abnormally low concentration of magnesium in their blood. The most common symptoms and signs that most patients who are diagnosed with the severe form of this medical condition (who present very low blood calcium concentrations, smaller than 3 mg / dL) regularly complain of are known to include: tingling and / or numbness around the individual’s mouth (that can spread to the hands and feet), muscle spasms of the hands, feet, face, and so on. Some other patients complain of hallucinations, memory loss, depression and other nervous system symptoms. The less severe but chronic cases of low levels of calcium can result in damage to the eyes (cataracts for example).Hypocalcemia – TreatmentIf a patient presents any of the symptoms and signs that have been listed in the previous chapter, he or she ought to immediately perform a medical check up in order to see whether they are indeed suffering from Hypocalcemia or not. However, most individuals admit that they discovered that they have this disorder during a routine medical check up. In other words, the diagnosis of this particular syndrome is quite easily accomplished. The physician will take a sample of the patient’s blood serum and measure the amount of calcium ions (various procedures are used for this, but the most common of them employs a special electrode that is calcium-sensitive). There are many different ways in which a patient can keep his or her levels of blood calcium ions under control. In some cases, the therapy for Hypocalcemia aims to treat the underlying medical disorder that is the true cause of the lack of blood calcium. This is why, when a patient is diagnosed with this medical condition, his or her personal health care provider will ask them to perform further medical tests that will check the kidneys, the parathyroid gland and the individual’s blood magnesium levels. If the patient’s lack of calcium is triggered by a kidney medical condition (especially kidney failure) the individual will be treated with dihydroxyvitamin D injections in 1,25 doses. Other patients who present abnormally low levels of magnesium must also correct this deficiency. In general, the prognosis for normalizing the blood levels of calcium is great. However, if this medical condition is not treated in due time, it can trigger some complications that cannot be reversed. For example, the eye damage (cataracts, for example) that usually results from the chronic form of this disorder is irreparable. After the patient’s blood concentration of calcium ions is corrected, he or she ought to make sure that they will never experience a recurrence of the disease. All patients who are known to be prone to develop Hypocalcemia ought to make sure that their diet is rich in vitamin D and calcium. Oral supplements are also a viable option in the prevention of this medical condition. |
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