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KeloidKeloid General InformationA Keloid is considered to be an overgrowth of scar tissue over healed wounds. When the skin is injured after an accident or surgical wounds, the amount of collagen that is produced keeps growing even if the injury is healed. This process may start after a long period of time after the injury is healed. It is possible that this type of scar may appear in a zone of the skin without a visible injury. In general, the types of scars are red or pink colored, with irregular shape that rise abruptly above the rest of the skin, being thick, nodular, ridged and itchy (especially during formation and growth). Both sexes are affected, and the most vulnerable age is between 10 and 30 years. Individuals with pierces are more often affected because of the wounds. This type of scar can also appear in persons with an open heart surgery and even from something as simple as a pimple or scratch. A Keloid can appear in any parts of the body, but it is mostly found on earlobes, upper back, shoulders, and chest. Even if anyone can form this type of scar, there are some ethnic groups with a higher risk of getting affected, like the Africans and Hispanics. These ethnic groups are 15 times more affected than the others.Keloid SymptomsA Keloid is a cosmetic concern, but the scar can keep growing, becoming itchy and uncomfortable even in movement - these are the reasons for which clinical help is needed. The cause of this type of skin disorders is not very well known, but most of the researchers think that it can be explained as a failure of the body – it cannot start the healing process needed to repair the skin after the injury. The lesions may extend beyond the injured area, even if, in most of the cases they form on the same range as the previous trauma. By the type of the lesion’s shape and position, the doctor will give a diagnostic after he studies the injury and the scar’s formation over time. It is possible that the doctor may ask the patient to undergo a biopsy. In this case he needs to remove a small piece of the skin to be studied under a microscope. The continuous growing of the Keloid involves a long and slow process that may take even several years. This mass growing will eventually stop, but they do not cure without successful treatment. After being removed, the lesions might reappear in the same place – in this case, most physicians consider that the appropriate therapy was not properly applied. Such lesions are not cancerous, and usually do not hurt, being stable if they are well protected.Keloid TreatmentThere are many treatments for Keloid lesions, but most of them are not 100 % effective. Surgical removal and non-surgical inventions are a viable therapy option. However, a combined treatment is the most common and effective solution. The best way to ensure a satisfying result is to start a treatment immediately after you observe the abnormal growth. In this chapter, we intend to present you the most efficient treatments. The gels that contain Allium cepa extract, Heparin and Allantoin are very effective treatments. Initially, this type of gels were made for post-thyroidectomy scars, but now they are used for the treatment of any type of scars, accidental, post surgical ones and Keloids. Even if the gel treatment is quite simple it needs a lot of attention and care. The results are very efficient; however, this depends very much on the initiation of treatment, because the earlier it starts, the better the result. This is considered to be the most efficient treatment known by now, even if is not 100% effective. The surgical removal is a common treatment for this type of scar, but requires clinical attention and care even after the operation. It is possible for Keloid scars to reappear after a surgical removal, and may be bigger than the first one. The chances of reappearing after the removal are 50%, but the chances are much lower if the surgery is combined with another type of treatment, like intra-lesional injections of a corticosteroid. Other types of treatments that seem to be safe and painless are the coverings made of silicone gel, named dressings. This method reduces the scar over time, but in some cases, patients may be disturbed by wearing the dressing for a long period of time. The steroid injection is used by a patient who is considered to experience a Keloid lesion too often and, in some cases, by those who have a thickening on the scar area. The dimension and the irritation of the Keloid scar can be considerably reduced with this kind of treatment, but these are not comfortable and very hard to be made because of the dimension and hardness of the scar. This treatment needs local anesthetic for adults and full anesthetic for minors, and the scar area becomes very painful after the anesthetic effect disappears. A simple treatment used by many patients consists in wearing compression bandages. This is considered to be a good way for preventing other scars, and can reduce the dimension of the initial lesion. This compression bandages have to be applied for a long period of time and their efficiency is very small. If the scars have a small dimension, the cryosurgery is a very good solution on lightly pigmented skin. Usually this is used in a combined treatment with regular injections. The blood circulation is very weak beneath the scar for a long period of time after the end of the treatment. This type of surgery is rarely used because of this secondary effect. The radiation therapy is one of the most efficient therapies recommended by the specialists. These can be used only on low power because there is a risk of affecting the internal organs. The efficiency of the radiation treatments is much higher if it is used immediately after a surgery because the scar formation is mostly reduced. The laser therapy is not a very efficient form of treatment because the lasers do not reduce the scar dimensions, even if they superficially change the form. |
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