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METHANOL POISONINGMethanol Poisoning General InformationMethanol Poisoning is correlated with methanol overdoses. Methanol is also known as methyl alcohol or methyl hydrate and it is a colorless and clear liquid with a vague and not very strong odor like alcohol. Other common names are: wood spirit or wood alcohol or carbinol. Because it smells and tastes like the common ethyl alcohol, the methanol has been often used in illegal alcohol beverages. This fluid is used as an ingredient in many pharmaceutical products, from formaldehyde and other chemicals to windshield-washer fluid and nail-polish remover and industrial solvents. But its main utilization is as a solvent for inks, lacquers, dyes, cements, varnishes, paints, plastics and various industrial coatings. It is rarely used as a fuel. When a person is poisoned with methanol is because he or she has inhalated the vapors or has accidentally swallowed it. These cases are frequent in the industrial areas. A rare and mild case of poisoning may also occur if the methanol was absorbed through the skin. In most of the cases, the toxicity is caused by a conscious overdose and it provokes metabolic acidosis. Methanol Poisoning is very common among people who belong to lower economic and social classes because of its low cost. Although it has low toxicity, the severe effects appear as a result of formic acid accumulation in the blood (a methanol metabolism metabolite). An ingestion of more than 30 ml is fatal. Diagnosing this kind of poisoning is correlated with the types of metabolic acidosis. A poorer prognosis is conferred by a severe acidosis.Methanol Poisoning SymptomsIf a specific history of ingestion is not known, diagnosing Methanol Poisonings may be relatively difficult. When a patient cannot or does not want a history of ingestion the situation could become more difficult because it is hard for a clinician to decide if ethylene glycol or methanol caused the intoxication. In this case, the information needed may be given by the family or friends. Laboratory and clinical tests are required. Symptoms appear every 6 to 20 hours, each time more serious and complicated. The effects caused by drinking methanol are similar with those caused by drinking common alcohol (common symptoms of drunkenness) such as dizziness, lightheadedness, dilated pupils, giddiness, acute vision troubles (blurred vision) and an upset stomach. But after they disappear, after 6 to 20 hours they will appear, but much more strong and intense. This is why medical care should be immediately demanded. It is known that like common alcohol, methanol is also broken down the liver where it produces formic acid and formaldehyde causing many toxic effects. Hardly after one to four weeks the methanol is eliminated by the body. Methanol vapor may have irritated throat, nose and eyes as well as dizziness, severe breathing troubles, nausea and may vomit very often. If a person is exposed too much to methanol or the short term exposures are repeated, he or she will usually complain of mood changes, headaches, skin and eye irritation, visual impairment, sleeping troubles and stomach problems. In industrial areas Methanol Poisoning can lead to blindness or worse, to death, because there are no proper respiratory protection and proper ventilation.Methanol Poisoning TreatmentComplications to Methanol Poisoning usually occur after a couple of hours and are sometimes very serious. So, try as much as you can to avoid them. Seek immediately medical care! It is absolutely necessary! Prompt treatments have amazing effects. In some cases, blindness was reversed owing to a proper and rapid therapy. This is why you must immediately seek any medical care because not letting the intoxication to affect important organs could save a patients’ life. A specialist will include in the therapy treatment for metabolic acidosis, will try to inhibit methanol metabolism and to increase the elimination of any existing toxic metabolites or any unmetabolized compound. These procedures are the same as in the case of ethylene intoxication. When methanol is detected in the blood, an aggressive and rapid treatment with ethanol and bicarbonate and hemodyalisis are recommended in all clinics and hospitals, usually when more than 50 ml of methanol was ingested or when the patient presents visual and mental irregularities. If Methanol Poisoning produces metabolic acidosis, the health care specialists will add assisted ventilation and will administrate bicarbonate because it improves visual problems and decreases the concentration of formic acid. If a person is suspected of Methanol Poisoning take him immediately to a nephrologist because he can correct the metabolic disturbance. Do not make him vomit unless you were told, because throwing up could sometimes aggravate the situation. Ocular damage is recommended to be treated by an ophthalmologist. A neurologist can prescribe a treatment for acute seizures or for any other disorders that may appear on the way. In other cases of intoxication, gastric decontamination is extremely benefitic, but not when we are talking about Methanol Poisoning because methanol is totally absorbed from the internal organs. The internal cleaning is needed to be done after the swallowing to have some effect. A treatment for Methanol Poisoning is also the therapy with an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, called fomepizole. Fomepizole is only administrated intravenous and is the best in reducing death among people intoxicated with methanol and not treated well in time before resulting in blindness and metabolic acidosis. Before applying any treatment, the patients with a clinical health state should be first stabilized. The first step consists in correcting the acid-base balance because of the serious metabolic acidosis that may occur. The pH is corrected by administrating sodium bicarbonate. Between these primary concerns must be named the treatments for severe neurological and cardiovascular signs, such as seizures and hypertension. These are the primary causes of death. Methanol Poisoning should be avoided. If you work in industry, wear the protective clothes needed and never substitute them because they are especially designed to defend you against methanol liquid or vapor. This substance can dissolve some materials. |
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