Nosocomial PneumoniaNosocomial Pneumonia – General InformationNosocomial Pneumonia also named Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) refers to any kind of pneumonia contracted within the first 48-72 hours of being admitted in a hospital and it is usually caused by a bacterial infection. The urinary tract infections are the second cause of the Nosocomial Infections, and it is the most common cause of death among this disease. The majority of the Nosocomial respiratory infections are caused by the skorvatch microaspiration of upper airway secretions, through inapparent aspiration, into the lower respiratory tract. What also results in HAP is the macroaspiration of esophageal or gastric material. Since these two types result from aspiration, are called aspiration pneumonia. The gram-negative bacilli are a common cause of the Nosocomial Pneumonia, but they are rarely found in the respiratory tract of the healthy people and this is why doctors speculate that the mouth and throat are the origin of the infection. The factors that contribute to the apparition of the Nosocomial Pneumonia are:
Nosocomial Pneumonia – SymptomsIt is well known that any medical disorder (including Nosocomial Pneumonia) can trigger a variety of symptoms. Therefore, some of this medical condition's most uncommon symptoms have not been mentioned here. This is why we strongly recommend you to contact your personal health care provider whenever you develop any unusual, bothersome or unpleasant symptoms. Your personal physician will be able to tell you if you are suffering from Nosocomial Pneumonia or from any other medical disorder.
Nosocomial Pneumonia – TreatmentIf a patient is diagnosed with Nosocomial Pneumonia antibiotic treatment must be started immediately. If the pathogen is known or even suspected, antimicrobial therapy must be guided by local sensitivities, but in most cases the empirical antibiotic treatment is required. The choices of the antibiotics are influenced by the following factors:
The empirical – regimens for Nosocomial Pneumonia in patients who were not treated with antibiotics include:
The initial therapy for aspiration pneumonia depends on the recognition that aspiration has occurred and involves treatment of acute hypoxemia and bronchospasm. Many cases of Nosocomial aspiration represent chemical pneumonia and do not need antibiotic treatment. The prophylactic treatment with antibiotics does not prevent infectious pneumonia. The majority of the patients who have aspiration pneumonia are treated emipirical initially. The antibiotic recommendations are based on:
The antibiotics recommended in aspiration pneumonia are the following:
Patients with Nosocomial Pneumonia can be treated with:
The duration of the therapy must be individualized, depending of the severity of the illness, time of onset, rapidity of clinical response, and infecting pathogen or pathogens. The recommended duration of treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia is based on multilobar involvement, cavitation, or necrotizing pneumonia, or presence of Pneumonia aeruginosa or Acinetobacter as responsible pathogen. |
|
|
|
|
|
|